Hey welcome, let's start with numpy
Numpy is one of the most important libraries for Data Science projects in Python.
If you're learning python next thing you will need is to learn is Numpy.
there are other important libraries that are built on top of NumPy like pandas
SciKit-Learn,
so basically Numpy makes execution easy, fast, and uses less memory.
Below are the most important Numpy methods which will be enough to get started.
👇🏻
Numpy (Numeric Python)
a basic Python package that provides an alternative to a regular Python list, a Numpy n-dimensional homogeneous array.
Installing Numpy
It's one of the easy peasy tasks...using cmd
pip install numpy
it will start installing the Numpy library...if you want to install using Jupiter notebook
!pip install numpy
Just add "!" It will do the rest.
All set, let's use NumPy now.
importing numpy as np (by convention)
import numpy as np
importing numpy as np is the alias used to write code which is useful in a way we don't need to type the whole word 'numpy' just 'np' will do the work.
Hold on,
But why use numpy when you already have lists in Python?
The short answer: Speed, numpy lists use lesser memory and are much faster to run than vanilla Python lists.
Let's see how we can use Numpy.
np.array() : It can be used to define any kind of array of any dimension and is the most common method. dtype argument can be added while defining the array for the output to be of our preferred data type.
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], dtype = float)
print(a)
np.zeros() : Using np.zeros() would produce an array of zeroes only. You just need to define the dimension of the zero array.
import numpy as np
b = np.zeros(5)
print(b)
np.ones() : Using np.ones() would produce an array of one’s only. Again, you just need to define the dimension of the array.
import numpy as np
c = np.ones(5)
print(c)
while '5' is the parameter that gives 5 column matrix
np.arange() : When you want an array with values at a regular interval within a given range, you can use np.arange() to achieve so. It takes in three values, the first two for the range, and the third for the skip value. Note that the second value of the range is non-inclusive.
import numpy as np
d = np.arange(4,12)
print(d)
e = np.arange(4,12,3)
print(e)
some more methods to try:
1 np.size : It returns the number of elements in the array, no matter its dimension.
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(12)
print(a)
print(a.size)
2 np.shape : It returns the number of rows and the columns of the array in the form of (row, columns).
a.shape
3 np.reshape() : It lets you change the dimension of the given array to the dimension of your choice.
print(a.reshape(3,4))
4 np.resize() : It is the same as a shape in its operation, the only difference being that using resize() would change the original array.
print(a.resize(3,4))
easy way to convert lists into np arrays:
import numpy as np
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
b = np.array(a)
identity matrix
import numpy as np
f = np.eyes(5)
print(f)
Linspace
List with evenly spaced elements in between, the 3 here tells us that we need a list with 3 elements from 0-10, evenly spaced (both included in this case).
import numpy as np
g = np.linespace(0,10,3)
list operations
import numpy as np
a = np.arrange(1,3)
a + 5
a + a
list operations
import numpy as np
a = np.arrange(1,3)
# [0,1,2]
a.sum()
#sum of all elements
a.sum(axis=0)
#sum of all columns
a.sum(axis=1)
# sum of all rows
Numpy statistics
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.arange(1,10)
arr1.reshape(3,3)
Mean
import numpy as np
np.arr1.mean()
#OR
np.mean(np_arr)
import numpy as np
np.median(arr1)
Variance
import numpy as np
np.var(arr1)
Standard Deviation
import numpy as np
np.std(np_arr)
There are many other methods like sum(), sort(), corcoeff(), etc., that comes in handy while doing an in-depth data analysis.
Alright, now you know a bunch of tools which are the foundations to numpy, this is it for now.
I hope you had fun reading this article, and you found everything easy to understand. If you need further information on any topic, let me know in the response.
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happy coding!
